Efek Rumah Kaca

Segala sumber energi yang terdapat di Bumi berasal dari Matahari. Sebagian besar energi tersebut berbentuk radiasi gelombang pendek, termasuk cahaya tampak. Ketika energi ini tiba permukaan Bumi, ia berubah dari cahaya menjadi panas yang menghangatkan Bumi. Permukaan Bumi, akan menyerap sebagian panas dan memantulkan kembali sisanya. Sebagian dari panas ini berwujud radiasi infra merah gelombang panjang ke angkasa luar. Namun sebagian panas tetap terperangkap di atmosfer bumi akibat menumpuknya jumlah gas rumah kaca antara lain uap air, karbon dioksida, sulfur dioksida dan metana yang menjadi perangkap gelombang radiasi ini. Gas-gas ini menyerap dan memantulkan kembali radiasi gelombang yang dipancarkan Bumi dan akibatnya panas tersebut akan tersimpan di permukaan Bumi. Keadaan ini terjadi terus menerus sehingga mengakibatkan suhu rata-rata tahunan bumi terus meningkat.

Gas-gas tersebut berfungsi sebagaimana gas dalam rumah kaca. Dengan semakin meningkatnya konsentrasi gas-gas ini di atmosfer, semakin banyak panas yang terperangkap di bawahnya.

Efek rumah kaca ini sangat dibutuhkan oleh segala makhluk hidup yang ada di bumi, karena tanpanya, planet ini akan menjadi sangat dingin. Dengan suhu rata-rata sebesar 15 °C (59 °F), bumi sebenarnya telah lebih panas 33 °C (59 °F) dari suhunya semula, jika tidak ada efek rumah kaca suhu bumi hanya -18 °C sehingga es akan menutupi seluruh permukaan Bumi. Akan tetapi sebaliknya, apabila gas-gas tersebut telah berlebihan di atmosfer, akan mengakibatkan pemanasan global.

Roti Lapis

Sandwich lengkap isi keju, daun selada, tomat, bacon dan ham

Sandwich atau roti lapis adalah makanan berupa dua potong roti yang menjepit daging, sayuran, keju atau berbagai teman makan roti dan biasanya diberi bumbu atau saus sehingga rasanya menjadi lebih enak. Berbagai jenis roti bisa digunakan untuk sandwich dan bergantung pada isi, permukaan roti biasanya dioles sedikit mayones, mentega, margarin atau minyak zaitun yang berfungsi sebagai perekat dan penambah aroma.

Di negara dengan penduduk yang bukan pemakan nasi, sandwich biasanya dibawa ke sekolah atau ke kantor di dalam kotak yang disebut lunchbox atau di dalam kantong kertas berwarna coklat yang disebut brown bag (sandwich bag) untuk dinikmati sebagai makan siang.

Sandwich juga dibawa sebagai makanan praktis sewaktu piknik, mendaki gunung atau sekadar jalan-jalan. Di rumah, sandwich dinikmati sebagai cemilan atau pelengkap makanan utama. Jika dimakan di rumah sebagai makanan utama, sandwich biasanya ditemani makanan pendamping seperti sup (soup-and-sandwich), selada (salad-and-sandwich), keripik kentang, kentang goreng, asinan ketimun), atau selada kol.

Variasi sandwich

Nama sandwich bergantung ada isi yang dijepit oleh potongan roti, sehingga ada egg sandwich (sandwich isi selada telur), peanut butter and jelly sandwich (sandwich isi selai kacang dan jelly), bacon and cheese sandwich (sandwich isi bacon dan keju), dan BLT sandwich (sandwich isi bacon, lettuce dan tomat). Sandwich biasanya merupakan makanan dingin walaupun ada juga sandwich yang dinikmati hangat-hangat seperti grilled cheese (roti bakar isi keju).

Sandwich umumnya menggunakan potongan roti tawar, tetapi sandwich di Amerika Serikat banyak menggunakan berbagai jenis roti seperti bread roll dan focaccia. Sub atau submarine sandwich seperti dijual di restoran siap saji Subway dan hamburger juga disebut "sandwich" walaupun tidak menggunakan potongan roti tawar.

Di Skandinavia ada makanan yang disebut "open sandwich" yang hanya menggunakan sepotong roti. Daging, ikan, atau keju diletakkan begitu saja di atas sepotong roti. Model sandwich dengan sepotong roti juga dikenal di Rusia sebagai buterbrod(бутерброд).

Di Inggris, butty (bentuk jamak: butties) dan sarny (bentuk jamak: sarnies) adalah sebutan untuk sandwich dalam bahasa slang. Sandwich dengan isi bacon dan mentega (butter) disebut butty walaupun ada butty yang menggunakan mayones dan bukan mentega. Sandwich berisi kentang goreng disebut chip butty. Di Skotlandia, sandwich disebut pieces.

Sejarah

Sandwich diambil dari nama Earl of Sandwich IV, seorang aristokrat Inggris abad ke-18 yang merupakan penggemar main kartu kelas berat. Earl of Sandwich IV ingin terus bermain kartu tanpa harus berhenti untuk makan, sehingga daging yang dijepit dua potong roti dijadikan makanan praktis yang bisa dimakan dengan sebelah tangan sambil bermain kartu.

Earl of Sandwich IV berasal dari kota Sandwich di Inggris. Dalam bahasa Inggris kuno, Sandwic berarti "tempat berpasir."

You Belong With Me

You’re on the phone
With your girlfriend
She’s upset
She’s going off about
Something that you said
She doesn’t get your humor
Like I do
I’m in my room
It’s a typical tuesday night
I’m listening to the kind of music
She doesn’t like
She’ll never know your story
Like I do
But she wears short skirts
I wear t-shirts
She’s cheer captain
And i’m on the bleachers
Dreaming about the day
When you wake up and find
That what you’re looking for
Has been here the whole time
If you could see
That i’m the one
Who understands you
Been here all along
So why can’t you
See you belong with me
You belong with me.
Walking the streets
With you and your worn out jeans
I can’t help thinking
This is how it ought to be
Laughing on a park bench
Thinking to myself
Hey, isn’t this easy?
And you’ve got a smile
That could light up this whole town
I haven’t seen it in awhile
Since she brought you down
You say you’re fine
I know you better than that
Hey whatchu doing
With a girl like that
She wears high heels
I wear sneakers
She’s cheer captain
I’m on the bleachers
Dreaming about the day
When you wake up and find
That what you’re looking for
Has been here the whole time
If you could see
That i’m the one
Who understands you
Been here all along
So why can’t you
See you belong with me
Standing by and
Waiting at your backdoor
All this time
How could you not know
Baby
You belong with me
You belong with me.
[Instrumental]
Oh, I remember
You driving to my house
In the middle of the night
I’m the one who makes you laugh
When you know you’re about to cry
And I know your favorite songs
And you tell me about your dreams
Think I know where you belong
Think I know it’s with me
Can’t you see
That i’m the one
Who understands
Been here all along
So why can’t you see?
You belong with me.
Have you ever thought
Just maybe
You belong with me?

Love Story

We were both young when I first saw you
I close my eyes and the flashback starts
I’m standing there on a balcony in summer air
See the lights, see the party, the ball gowns
See you make your way through the crowd
And say hello, little did I know
*courtesy of LirikLaguIndonesia.Net
That you were Romeo
You were throwing pebbles
And my daddy said stay away from Juliet
And I was crying on the staircase
Begging you please don’t go
And I said
Romeo, take me somewhere we can be alone
I’ll be waiting, all there’s left to do is run
You’ll be the prince and I’ll be the princess
It’s a love story, baby, just say yes
So I sneak out to the garden to see you
We keep quiet ’cause we’re dead if they knew
So close your eyes, escape this town for a little while
Oh, oh, oh
‘Cause you were Romeo,
I was a scarlet letter
And my daddy said stay away from Juliet
But you were everything to me
I was begging you please don’t go
And I said
Romeo, take me somewhere we can be alone
I’ll be waiting, all there’s left to do is run
You’ll be the prince and I’ll be the princess
It’s a love story, baby, just say yes
Romeo, save me, they’re trying to tell me how to feel
This love is difficult, but it’s real
Don’t be afraid, we’ll make it out of this mess
It’s a love story, baby, just say yes
Oh oh
I got tired of waiting
Wondering if you were ever coming around
My faith in you was fading
When I met you on the outskirts of town
And I said
Romeo save me, I’ve been feeling so alone
I keep waiting for you but you never come
Is this in my head, I don’t know what to think
He knelt to the ground and he pulled out a ring
And said
Marry me, Juliet, you’ll never have to be alone
I love you and that’s all I really know
I talked to your dad, you’ll pick out a white dress
It’s a love story, baby, just say yes
Oh, oh, oh, oh
‘Cause we were both young when I first saw you

Back To December

I'm so glad you made time to see me.
How's life, tell me how's your family?
I haven't seen them in a while.
You've been gone, busier then ever.
We small talk, work and the weather
Your guard is up and I know why.

Cause the last time you saw me
Is still burned in the back of your mind.
You gave me roses and I left them there to die.

So this is me swallowing my pride,
Standing in front of you saying I'm sorry for that night,
And I go back to December all the time.
Turns out freedom ain't nothing but missing you,
Wishing that I realized what I had when you were mine.
I'd go back to December, turn around and make it all right.
I go back to December all the time.

These days I haven't been sleeping
Staying up playing back myself leaving,
When your birthday passed and I didn't call.
And I think about summer, all the beautiful times
I watched you laughing from the passenger side
Realized that I loved you in the fall.
Then the cold came, the dark days when fear crept into my mind.
You gave me all your love and all I gave you was goodbye.

So this is me swallowing my pride,
Standing in front of you saying I'm sorry for that night.
And I go back to December all the time.
Turns out freedom ain't nothing but missing you,
Wishing that I realized what I had when you were mine.
I'd go back to December turn around and change my own mind.
I go back to December all the time

I miss your tan skin, your sweet smile, so good to me, so right,
And how you held me in your arms that September night,
The first time you ever saw me cry.
Maybe this is wishful thinking,
Probably mindless dreaming
If we loved again I swear I'd love you right.

I'd go back in time and change it but I can't
So if the chain is on your door, I understand.

But this is me swallowing my pride,
Standing in front of you saying I'm sorry for that night,
And I go back to December.
Turns out freedom ain't nothing but missing you,
Wishing that I realized what I had when you were mine.
I'd go back to December turn around and make it alright.
I'd go back to December turn around and change my own mind.
I go back to December all the time.

All the time

A Thousand Years

Heart beats fast
Colors and promises
How do be brave
How can I love when I'm afraid
To fall
But watching you stand alone
All of my doubt
Suddenly goes away somehow

(Pre-chorus)
One step closer

(Chorus)
I have died everyday
waiting for you
Darling, don't be afraid
I have loved you for a
Thousand years
I'll love you for a
Thousand more

(Verse 2)
Time stands still
Beauty in all she is
I will be brave
I will not let anything
Take away
What's standing in front of me
Every breath,
Every hour has come to this

(Pre-chorus)
One step closer

(Chorus)
I have died everyday
Waiting for you
Darling, don't be afraid
I have loved you for a
Thousand years
I'll love you for a
Thousand more

And all along I believed
I would find you
Time has brought
Your heart to me
I have loved you for a
Thousand years
I'll love you for a
Thousand more

(Pre-chorus x2)
One step closer

One step closer

(Chorus)
I have died everyday
Waiting for you
Darling, don't be afraid,
I have loved you for a
Thousand years
I'll love you for a
Thousand more

And all along I believed
I would find you
Time has brought
Your heart to me
I have loved you for a
Thousand years
I'll love you for a
Thousand more

Lee Donghae in Sub-group

2007-2008: Lee Donghae in Sub-group

Donghae's official debut as an actor was in July 2007, with the release of Super Junior's debut film, Attack on the Pin-Up Boys. Donghae stars as a class mate and close friend of Kim Kibum, a high school student who investigates on a mysterious attack on pretty boys in various high schools in town. In late 2007, Donghae was featured in Girls' Generation's "Kissing You" music video. Also, he and Kyuhyun appeared and sang for facial wash product commercial "Happy Bubble" with actress Han Ji Min.

In April 2008, Donghae was put into seven-member sub-group Super Junior-M, a Mandopop subgroup of Super Junior for the Chinese music industry. They debuted in China at the 8th Annual Music Chart Awards, simultaneously with the release of their first music video, "U" on 8 April 2008. This was followed by the release of the debut Chinese-language studio album, Me in selected provinces in China on 23 April and 2 May in Tawain.

Lee Donghae

Lee Dong-hae (born October 15, 1986) mononymouly credited as Donghae, is a South Korean singer-songwriter and actor. He is best known as a member of the K-pop boy band Super Junior and its subgroup, Super Junior-M. He is also one of the first four Korean artists to appear on Chinese postage stamps.

Pre-debut

Donghae was born in Mokpo, Jeollanam on 15 October 1986. Donghae initially wanted to become an athlete, but under the influence of his father, who once desired to become a singer, Donghae decided to train himself to become a singer.

In 2001, Donghae signed a contract with SM Entertainment soon after he jointly won the Best Outward Appearance award with future band mate Sungmin on the company's third annual SM Youth Best Contest. Under SM Entertainment, Donghae was put in singing, dancing, and acting lessons, and was then recruited into a five-member boy band Smile, with future band mate Leeteuk, but the idea was soon dropped.

In 2004, Donghae, along with Leeteuk were put into another boy band and formed Super Junior with ten other trainees. The group later became known as Super Junior 05, the first generation of a rotational music group, Super Junior. In November 2005, several days before the group's debuted, Donghae made a brief appearance at SBS's Shin Dong-yup's There Is There Isn't panel.

2005-2006: Debut with Super Junior

Donghae officially debut as part of 12-member project group Super Junior 05 on 6 November 2005 on SBS's music programme Popular Songs, performing their first single, "TWINS (Knock Out)". Their debut album SuperJunior05 (Twins) was released a month later on 5 December 2005 and debuted at #3 on the monthly MIAK K-pop album charts.

In March 2006, SM Entertainment began to recruit new members for the next Super Junior generation. However, plans changed and the company declared a halt in forming future Super Junior generations. Following the addition of thirteenth member Kyuhyun, the group dropped the suffix "05" and became officially credited as Super Junior. The re-polished group's first CD single "U" was released on 7 June 2006, which was their most successful single until the release of "Sorry, Sorry" in March 2009.

Donghae made his acting debut in Super Junior's horror documentary Mystery 6, broadcasted in early 2006. The documentary surrounds Donghae and his peculiar ability to see and feel ghosts. In August 2006, Donghae played the role of a human turned cyborg in the Korean version of BoA's music video drama, "Key of Heart", his first lead appearance in a music video.

Acting career Lee Donghae

2009-2011: Acting career Lee Donghae

In 2009, Donghae along with fellow member Siwon, co-starred in Taiwanese singer Ariel Lin's music video for "螢火蟲" (Firefly), which was released in Blissful Encounter. In July he performed his first composition "Beautiful" during Super Show 2 Tour which was released on Super Show 2 Tour Concert Album. He also played Zhang Li Yin's love interest in her music video, "晴天雨天" (Moving On), released on 19 October 2009.

In 2010, Donghae composed "A Short Journey", with lyrics by fellow member Eunhyuk. Which was released on repackaged Bonamana. In November, he starred in SBS drama, It's Okay, Daddy's Girl as Choi Wook Gi, one of three brothers. He also composed one of it’s theme song "Just Like Now", a duet with fellow member Ryeowook.

Donghae sang the theme song for the 2011 8th Asia Song Festival, "Dreams Come True", with Seohyun of Girls' Generation, which was released on 11 October 2011 as a digital single. The proceeds from the sale were donated to Unicef to help children in African countries.

In 2011, Donghae co-starred again wth fellow member Siwon, in the Taiwanese drama Skip Beat! (Chinese: 華麗的挑戰) with Ivy Chen. It is a live-action adaptation of Japanese shōjo manga Skip Beat! by Yoshiki Nakamura shot in Taiwan for four months. Donghae and Siwon attended a press conference in Taipei on 14 December to launch the drama. He also sang the ending theme song, "That's Love" with fellow Super Junior-M member Henry.

Career Lee Donghae in 2012-present

In 2012, Donghae collaborated with One Way's Chance to compose four songs: "Strong Heart Logo Song", "Y" released on their 5th album Mr. Simple, "I Wanna Love You" first performed at the Super Show 3 Tour and released on Super Show 3 Tour Concert Album, and "Oppa, Oppa". As well as the logo song for ShimShimTamPa Radio.

On 16 December 2011 Eunhyuk and Donghae released digital single Oppa, Oppa, where they first performed it at Super Junior's Super Show 4 Seoul concert on 19 November 2011. This marks the first release of their collbrations. The single was also released in Japanese with an original Japanese music video on 4 April 2012. On the day of its release, it reached number two on Oricon Daily Chart with 42,114 copies sold. The pair then held a fan meeting, Premium Mini Live Event, in support of the single on 11 April at Shibuya-AX, Tokyo.